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Understanding how your target group (readers, customers, viewers, etc.) thinks and reacts to information is the first step in building a steady fan base.
A couple of months ago, Kevin Kelly wrote a very thought provoking post about the long tail and a base of 1,000 true fans. He states, that:

A creator, such as an artist, musician, photographer, craftsperson, performer, animator, designer, videomaker, or author – in other words, anyone producing works of art – needs to acquire only 1,000 True Fans to make a living.

A true fan is – according to Kelly – someone who will purchase anything and everything you produce.

This post makes a very good point on the role of these 1,000 fans, but does not discuss how can one build such a core of fans.
While reading Barry Schwartz’s book “The paradox of choice; why more is less“, I discovered valuable information which helped me approach this intriguing question.

Adaptation

Adaptation is an evolutionary theory referring to the way individual organisms gradually change and get more suited to their environment.

However, the theory of adaptation does not only apply on studies of evolution and the origin of species…it also applies to human behavior.
To put it simply, we get used to things and then we start to take them for granted. Repetition brings adaptation.

To a degree, this is necessary to create a sense of coherence and security; people need repetition to develop a feeling of safety.

But an interesting paradox has been observed: when people get used to a source of pleasure it stops being a source of pleasure.
For example, the pleasure degree of your first joy ride was much higher than the one of your 100th joy ride.

How to Build a Steady Fan Base

What can we learn about marketing from adaptation?

Balance is the key.

On the one hand you should follow a pattern. This could mean:

  • using the same style of expression (e.g. same writing style, same directing style, same music genre, etc.)
  • creating expectation (each broadcast should promise a new one)
  • keep a steady publishing structure (e.g. new content every Monday and Thursday)
  • refer to previous publications; your fans will be happy to find a point of identification (”Hey, I know that!”)

On the other hand you should renew sources of pleasure. For example:

  • make something different once in a while (if you write a blog, post a video or a podcast). This provokes the expectation mentioned above.
  • develop and expand your methods and them implement them to your pattern. (like in TV Shows: a new character is introduced and the becomes a regular member of the cast).

Conclusion

Building a base of 1,000 true fans is a very cumbersome process. It requires complete engagement, passion and vision. But as Kevin Kelly said, once you have this base you can make a living out of it.

Learning from the functions of adaptation and its paradox, can help you expand. Nine Inch Nails is probably the best example. Remember what they started almost a year ago, with ther ‘Year Zero Project‘? They got out of the norm by providing something completely different (an interactive campaign, where fans search for clues and participate in projects) and they have now implemented this pattern to their whole campaign, by providing new ways to the fans to participate. Now NIN fans expect new ways to participate in upcoming NIN projects.

Certainly, this equilibrium between repetition and innovation does not guarantee success, but is surely a major step to this direction.

We will be returning with additional posts on this subject so please subscribe to our feed to stay connected. As always, your feedback on the subject will help us expand the discussion.

So what do you say, are there other ways to build a regular fan base?

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This is the first post of an upcoming series inspired by Barry Schwartz’s book, The Paradox of Choice. Return in the next days for more.

Several sources discuss various ways of increasing not only the traffic, but also return visitors to your blog. Active participation in social networks, quality content, and increasing friend count are just a few.

Most bloggers have tried out these strategies, but not all of them are satisfied by the results. Indeed these tactics are not a guarantee of returning readers.

In blogging, it is the small details that make the difference.

A blog post should not only concentrate on its main body to provide quality information, but also on the final impression it leaves. This can increase the returning visitors to your blog in ways that you didn’t expect.

Leaving a good impression

Daniel Kahneman, Nobel Prize-winning psychologist showed, that what we remember about the pleasurable quality of our past experiences

is almost entirely determined by two things:

  1. how the experiences felt when they were at their peak (best or worst)
  2. how they felt when they ended.

This “peak-end” rule of Kahneman’s is what we use to summarize the experience, and then when we rely on that summary later to remind ourselves of how the experience felt.

 

Peak Moments of Your Blog Post

Of course the major peak moment when reading a blog is the content of the main body of the post.
Depending on the quality of the content, the text leaves a negative or positive impression to the reader. This trace will play a fundamental role on persuading the reader to return to the blog or even subscribe. It is a logical conclusion that quality content means returning visitors.

The second peak moment is located at the end of the post. This is where you summarize your thoughts, pose your questions and invite the reader to participate in the discussion.

A very common mistake when writing an article, is that we mostly concentrate on the main content (the first peak moment of the blog) and we disregard the final impression it leaves (the second peak moment).

Conclusion

The belief that the impression your blog post leaves is also based on your final remarks, is not just a result of Daniel Kahneman’s psychological hypothesis.

Notice how you scan other blog posts:

Do you read the whole post word by word?

Do you comment on the questions posed by the author?

Spending more time on the final part of the blog post is much more important than we actually think.

  • it leaves a final good impression to the reader,
  • it shows that you followed a structured argumentation concluding to your remarks,
  • it shows that you value the time of your readers

Not only your regular readers will appreciate this little extra effort, but also casual readers will recognize the value of your work.

9 Comments

One of the most known ways of getting regular traffic to your blog is writing daily posts. It is written in bold letters in the blogging bible that daily posts increase:

  • the traffic to your blog
  • your presence in the blogosphere
  • your presence in search engines
  • your readers
  • your reputation

Check some of the popular blogs out there and you will see that daily posting is a very common, successful practice. Robert Scoble writes a couple of posts each day, Seth Godin too. But daily posts also have some negative effects on your blog which you should take into consideration.

  1. Daily posts mean hasty readers. Writing a new article every day can give the impression that you don’t invest much time writing it. Why should others then spend much time reading it?
  2. Daily posts mean low quality. This is a logical result of daily posts. Do you really have something interesting to say everyday? Most bloggers who write daily usually reiterate information and news that are already out there.
  3. Daily posts mean fewer subscribers. Direct result of the above points is that your blog gets less subscribers. People don’t want to have a cluttered mail or RSS readers…especially when posts repeat themselves and don’t have much to say.Although I like Mashable, I unsubscribed from their feed. They post 10+ posts each day and that’s just discouraging for me.
  4. Daily posts mean fewer comments. Let your readers think about what you write. Sending an avalanche of thoughts and information doesn’t give the user time to think things over. Blogging is a communication medium, it’s not an one-way monologue.
  5. Daily posts mean pressure. It is a great time hog to write an article each day – even if it is just a short text. Why do you think most blogs are abandoned after a couple of months?
  6. Daily posts don’t guarantee success. Success comes with quality, interaction and innovation. Say something new once a week and you will build a steady readership in no time.

The other side of daily posts

Don’t fully disregard the power of daily posts though. If you are a new blogger, daily posts can very quickly boost your presence online. During your first blogging steps the community doesn’t know who you are and what you’re writing about.So start with daily posts, let readers get to know you better and then relax and concentrate on quality. Readers will just keep on coming.

5 Comments

There are two major factors that define the success and popularity of a blog post: traffic and comments. The more traffic an article receives, the more comments are submitted – and the other way around. Articles with 50+ comments certainly imply that the content is of high quality. But, these highly commented articles are also carrying a heavy burden: They sacrifice productive communication on the altar of pageviews and traffic.Indeed, an increasing number of comments can act as an obstacle to the interaction of the community and the development of the whole discussion. Let’s first see why this happens and then get into how to improve your blog so that readers are encouraged to read and comment on the article.

Users’ Reading Habits

Jakob Nielsen, the usability specialist, has conducted a series of studies on the way users read online. His conclusion: they don’t.

People rarely read Web pages word by word; instead, they scan the page, picking out individual words and sentences. In research on how people read websites we found that 79 percent of our test users always scanned any new page they came across; only 16 percent read word-by-word.”

Blog visitors, don’t scan only the actual content of the site, but also the comments. When the reader notices a great amount of comments, she will certainly not read them one by one, she will scan them. The amount and length of comments also defines how fast the reader will actually scan the comments.

Users’ Commenting Habits

comments_on_blank_paper

Take a step back and notice how you comment on other blogs. Where would you be more likely to leave a comment?

 

  • in a great article with just 5 comments?or
  • in a great article with 67 comments?

Leaving a comment on an article with just 5 comments gives the commentator the feeling that his contribution will be noticed and taken into consideration – not only from the administrator but from other readers too. A comment among 67 others seems like one more grain of sand at the beach. That’s why blog promotional strategies suggest being the first to comment on a popular blog. Because readers usually scan only the first comments.

How to Attract More (Productive) Blog Comments

There are several ways to assist your community in reading the content of the comments and contributing more productive ideas:

  • Separate your comments in categories. Trackbacks and pingbacks to an article are by default counted as comments. Instead of having a big block of mixed comments and trackbacks, customize your blog to separate trackbacks from comments.
  • Advise your community to be more productive. Very often a large amount of the article’s comments are thank you comments, where readers just say how much they enjoyed the post. This is of course welcome, but certainly doesn’t promote the discussion. So, why don’t you install a small rating plugin and write a small note before the comment block saying something like: If you liked this post give it a rating or submit it to your favorite social site. Use the comments below to start a productive discussion about the topic.
  • Don’t answer each comment separately. Wait a day or two and then reply to all the comments submitted so far. This will significantly decrease the total number of comments.
  • Highlight your own comments. Highlighting your own comments is a very good way to increase the “scannability” of your comment block. Readers will be able to scan the post easier and it will also be less tiresome for the eye. Either use this simple hack or download this plugin.

Blogging is about creating interactions; it is about developing a discussion and not having passive readers. So give your readers the tools and possibility to react to your posts and promote interesting discussions. How do you promote interaction in your blog?

13 Comments

One of the major riddles in the fields of online marketing is the YouTube platform and its public. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that it doesn’t have the form of the major social networks (digg, stumbleupon, sphinn, etc.) but neither does it have the structure and rules of blogs. Indeed, decoding the marketing potential of YouTube is a very complicated process. But if we take a more attentive look at its users and videos, we might gather some valuable information.

In this article, we will concentrate on the variables, which specify the popularity of a submission in YouTube.

The Peculiarity of YouTubeYouTube_Logo

The viral potential of YouTube cannot be studied like the other popular social networks or blogs. YouTube is a combination of both.

  • A YouTube channel should not update regularly to be successful (in comparison to blogs)
  • It uses other social networks to increase popularity (like blogs do)

The studied videos, their submitters and their YouTube Network

We will study 3 of the most viewed videos of all time and 1 less popular for comparison. The videos are:

  1. The evolution of dance, by judsonlaipply
  2. Lo que tú Quieras Oír, by kaejane
  3. Hahaha, by BlackOleg
  4. Homenagem a Isabella Nardoni, by jeholiver011

Judsonlaipply is a YouTube member since March 23rd, 2006. He has submitted 2 videos and has viewed 859.
His channel has 23,432 subscribers and 1,130,903 views. He has 2,326 friends.

Kaejane is a member since 18th January, 2006. He has submitted 3 videos and has viewed 1,883.
His channel has 2,597 subscribers and a total of 151,191 views. He has 0 friends.

BlackOleg joined YouTube on November 01, 2006. He has submitted 6 videos and has viewed 25.
His channel has 3,560 subscribers and a total of 257,587 views. He has 287 friends.

Jeholiver011, joined YouTube on 2 April, 2008. He has sumbitted 1 video and has watched 10.
His channel has 228 subscribers and 11,737 views. He has 1 friend.

A first observation we can easily draw is that the number of friends does not play an important role in promoting a video. This is a very interesting conclusion, which goes beyond what we already know about social networks and the attention economy.

Kaejane has no friends and still his video is the 3rd most viewed of all-time. The same applies to Jeholiver011. His submission was top of the week and he just joined YouTube, having only one friend.

network_leaf

Popularity of the videos in other social networks

One of the main factors, that defines the success of a YouTube video is its submission in other social networks.

The evolution of dance got more than 2000 diggs and 200 stumbleupon reviews. It is natural since it got dugg by msaleem, one of the top Digg and SU users. It is no wonder it became so popular in YouTube.

Lo que tú Quieras Oír, on the other hand got only 2 stumbles and 2 diggs.

Hahaha, also did extremely well on other social networks. 62 reviews in StumbleUpon and 3536 diggs (again submitted by a top digger, MrBabyMan).

Jeholiver’s video had no luck in social networks.

The role of the popular social networks for the popularity of the YouTube videos is very clear. Would “Hahaha” and the “evolution of dance” have reached such view counts, if it weren’t for Digg and StumbleUpon?

Nonetheless the riddle remains: why the other videos became popular with such a low presence in social networks?

Conclusion and other variables which define YouTube popularitynetwork

Our observations so far suggest, that – in comparison to the other social networks we know – having friends on YouTube doesn’t necessarily mean popularity. Instead, having friends in other social networks can help promote the video.

But lets try to solve the riddle of the other videos, which became popular without being submitted in other social networks. What other factors can define the success of a YouTube video?

  • demographics: the average age of the users, their location, their gender. We have for example two Spanish videos, which became popular without the assistance of any other social network. How big is the Spanish community in YouTube? Do they watch only Spanish videos?
  • the interests of the average user: like other social networks, videoblog platforms concentrate on specific topics. Others on humor, others on animation/art, etc.
  • the quality of the content: I think this is very important in YouTube. Thousands of people subscribe to a channel with just a couple of submissions (see judsonlaipply’s channel), with the hope to get some more quality flicks. Quantity is not important – YouTube users subscribe massively in channels – quality is.
  • time of submission: this is a minor factor, but I believe it still plays a role. If you submit a video when the most users are offline, it will probably get lost in the archives.

I’m interested to see how you assess YouTube. What other factors could define the success of a YouTube video?

8 Comments

More than a month ago, we featured a post about the paradox of self-promotion. This paradox describes, that although social media frowns on self-submission…

[...] the sheer numbers of new videos, posts, sites, pictures, and stories appearing each and every day, [means] self-promotion is a necessity for anyone starting out and hoping to gain any sort of foothold.

Debates occasionally emerge, discussing the narcissistic and moral aspects of self-submission. While several social networks do not officially accept self-submitted content, it has been argued that self-submission is not wrong and in fact necessary. I’m not interested here in these aspects of self-submission.

Instead I want to concentrate on the logical reasons to refrain from submitting your own content.
These of course depend on the social network you are participating and submitting content. But if we take StumbleUpon as example, we will see that letting others submit your content is a much better way of promotion.

StumbleUpon Logo

The Algorithm

First of all, let’s take a look at the algorithm of StumbleUpon. Although this is not verified information, it has been noticed that when the same user repeatedly submits articles from the same blog, the posts will not get promoted. So if you practice self-submission regularly, after a while you will notice that your traffic will not show any pretty peaks. Tim Nash writes:

[...] the number of times the domain is stumbled by a user is a factor therefore the initial stumblers audience score is affected by the number of times they have previously stumbled the domain. If this is done for both the initial stumbler and all stumblers thumbing the page up or down it would explain why mailing lists and friends stumbling the same domain has less and less effect.

Clustering

One of the basic rules of social networks – in fact, of networks in general – is clustering. In simple terms the rule says that most people’s friends are also to some extent friends of each other.

Every time you stumble something, the people that mostly see your stumble are your fans and mutual friends. In most cases, these are the ones who will continue promoting the submission. If you often promote your own work, the articles will be recycled among you and your friends – your strong ties; your content will never go beyond your network, due to the principle of clustering.

On the other hand if you leave your post to take its own course – to be discovered by someone else – it will appear in different circles. Never disregard the strength of weak ties (see Mark Granovetter’s research on weak ties for more information. It’s a *.pdf file).

Being Social

As mentioned by Matt, social networks are about being social.

You never know, next month you might have twice as many subscribers and realize that TheNanny612, Zaibatsu, and DoshDosh all think your stuff is great. You wont know if you don’t stop for a second and take a look.

If you don’t let other people submit your work, you are just giving a monologue. Let social networks become a part of the dialogue and learn from it. If you are interested in improving your site and promoting your content more successfully, stop submitting your stuff and start observing its development:

  • See who submits your content. They might be loyal readers, that you didn’t know. Check out their work, make a contact with them. You will notice, that they will return to your blog with a stumble.
  • Study which articles are being stumbled. Not every post is appropriate for every social network. Observe which posts get stumbled and which ones get popular. If you have a sharp eye, you will manage to direct the attention of stumblers to every post you write.

Conclusion

I don’t think there is any moral obstacle in self-submissions. If you don’t overdo it and choose wisely which post to submit where, it is a practice necessary to make yourself heard. But it is also a very easy and certain practice; you have daily 200+ pageviews and you call it a day.

You will notice much more satisfactory results when you think beyond this strategy. Refraining from self-submissions is a learning process. You learn more about your readers, about the content they like, and how to draw their attention. You are also facing a challenge, which alone motivates you for further improvement.

Of course, that’s my humble opinion. Do you let your community do the submitting? Are you analyzing the submissions and submitters to improve your work and your network?

23 Comments

There are countless guides about increasing the popularity of your blog. More or less, they are all concentrating on socializing, participating and of course creating quality content. Indeed, these are the most direct methods of getting your work noticed. These techniques are more or less taken for granted for everyone who has been in the blogosphere for a while. But there are also more indirect, more subtle ways to increase your popularity. One of them is the way you manage to combine your blog with your persona, your avatar.

image credit: brtsergio

The Avatar

The avatar is your face in cyberspace. It represents you in the networks in which you participate, it even says something about you: if you have humor, if you like cartoons, if you have artistic tendencies, what combination of chromosomes you have. It is only natural that you spend some time choosing this avatar. After all this is the first impression you leave.

A more wise, careful selection of your avatar can significantly boost your position in the networks in which you participate and, consequently, the popularity of your blog.

Let’s first see why and then concentrate on how.

Pavlov’s Dog

Ivan Pavlov’s famous experiment with his dog showed how animals (and humans) can be trained to respond in a certain way to a particular stimulus. I wouldn’t go so far as to say that people just react on signals without any critical thinking, but there are studies that prove that people tend to categorize objects and information. One simple reason is that it helps them manage their narrow memory scope. The study of social representations is just one theory explaining this natural human function.

In simpler words, our mind combines…

logos with products…



…ideals with colors…

red

…dressing styles with music…

bach

..and avatars with blogs.

That’s why if you make a very good selection of an avatar, it will help you increase your authority and your popularity.

How To Choose an Avatar

So your purpose when choosing an avatar is to combine it with your blog. When people see your avatar, they should immediately think of your blog. There are two main ways to do that:

Consistency

Be consistent. When you choose your avatar, use it in every network you participate. This doesn’t necessary mean using your blog logo. It can be the style of your blog, or its colors, even the type of images you use in your blog. Be creative. But when you choose this avatar, use it everywhere.
MarkDykeman
Mark Dykeman’s avatar is a very good example. His blog is called broadcasting-brain and his avatar stays on topic. I’ve seen him in at least 4 social networks (digg, mixx, SU, Sphinn) and he always uses the same avatar. After a while, the name of his avatar becomes irrelevant. The image is doing all the talking.

Difference

Try to be different. Choose an avatar, that draws attention. Remember, an avatar is your face and a mirror to your personality; you don’t want to look like everybody else.
RMonkeyGirl
Wouldn’t you click at Rhea’s avatar, to check her profile? Wouldn’t you go to her blog?

Conclusion

We sometimes don’t pay too much attention to details and choosing an avatar might not seem that noteworthy, but it is one of those small details that can really make a difference.

To prove my point here’s a question for you:
DoshDosh
Can you guess whose avatar is this? (click on it to find out)

This is a guest post by robojiannis. He writes at changemod.com about social networks and the evolution of the web.

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